Flutter与Native混合开发-FlutterBoost集成应用和开发实践(iOS)
借图Flutter_Boost
背景:
现在Flutter火热,各个公司都会尝试使用Flutter开发,一般采用的都会是混合形式的开发,混合开发目前Flutter官方提供的不太完善、iOS和Android有差异性、接口也不同意、很麻烦,也有一些大厂为了实现高效率高可用自己实现一套混合开发技术,比如闲鱼的flutter_boost和哈罗的flutter_thrio。两者之间优缺点及设计原理、架构等后续再来具体分析。接下我们先说下flutter_boost在iOS项目中的接入混合实践。
准备工作:
1.Flutter SDK
为了便于后续我们flutter sdk版本的快速切换,我们需要安装管理工具,方便我们在后续开发或者调试过程中快速切换版本。
这里推荐使用的Flutter SDK管理工具fvm,能快速切换版本,具体不做介绍,直接去查看文档就可以,很详细。
安装自己所需的flutter sdk版本(我这里安装的是1.17.1版本,因为需要跟下边的flutter_boost版本对应):
fvm-flutter
2.flutter_boost框架
了解混合框架flutter_boost,首先需要知道我们需要使用他们的那个版本及版本对应的flutter sdk版本,比如:flutter_boost:v1.17.1-hotfixes 对应的flutter sdk:1.17.1 。
正式接入:
一、flutter_module工程
1.创建空文件夹后,使用命令:
flutter create -t module flutter_module
如果iOS使用的是Swift开发使用命令:
flutter create -i swift -t module flutter_module
2.flutter_module创建完成后,打开flutter_module文件夹下pubspec.yaml文件。如下:
pubspec.yaml
注意:这里我用的flutter_boost的SDK最新版本:v1.17.1-hotfixes
3.cd到flutter_module文件夹下,执行命令:
flutter packages get
包下载完成后flutter_module工程基本配置已经完成。
二、iOS原生工程
1.创建iOS项目
注意:iOS工程根目录与flutter_module根目录平级。
2.cd到iOS工程目录下创建Podfile文件,执行命令:
touch Podfile 生成文件,然后可以使用vim Podfile 编辑或者直接open Podfile 或者直接打开文本编辑也可以。
在文件中添加
flutter_application_path = '../flutter_module'
load File.join(flutter_application_path, '.ios', 'Flutter', 'podhelper.rb')
install_all_flutter_pods(flutter_application_path)
pod
3.执行 pod install下载依赖库。
pod
4.配置项目
如果是OC工程,则不会要做什么额外处理,如果是Swift项目需要建个桥接文件FlutterHybridiOS-Bridging-Header.h,同时Build Sttings中需要配置该文件路径。
swift调用OC桥接文件
对应路径
注意:
(1).看其他博客出现过,查看Build Phases中是否存在Flutter Build Script的脚本,如果不存在需要添加对应脚本,但是目前我没出现缺失的情况。
生成的Flutter Build Script
"$FLUTTER_ROOT/packages/flutter_tools/bin/xcode_backend.sh" build
"$FLUTTER_ROOT/packages/flutter_tools/bin/xcode_backend.sh" embed
三.代码接入实践
这块可以直接下载flutter_boost官方例子OC,flutter_boost官方例子Swift查看具体实践,其中OC例子是最全的,这里只已Swift项目为基础介绍基础使用。
<1>.iOS平台
1.创建实现flutter_boost路由类,实现FLBPlatform中的协议,和Flutter中也会有对应的方法来处理跳转操作。(直接参考上边官方的代码类就行),即push模式跳转、present模式跳转、关闭页面等方法。
import Foundation
//import flutter_boost
class PlatformRouterImp: NSObject, FLBPlatform {
func open(_ url: String, urlParams: [AnyHashable : Any], exts: [AnyHashable : Any], completion: @escaping (Bool) -> Void) {
//跳转打开原生Native页面
if (url == "native") {
self.openNativeVC(url, urlParams: urlParams, exts: exts)
return
}
var animated = false;
if exts["animated"] != nil{
animated = exts["animated"] as! Bool;
}
let vc = FLBFlutterViewContainer.init();
vc.setName(url, params: urlParams);
self.navigationController().pushViewController(vc, animated: animated);
completion(true);
}
func present(_ url: String, urlParams: [AnyHashable : Any], exts: [AnyHashable : Any], completion: @escaping (Bool) -> Void) {
var animated = false;
if exts["animated"] != nil{
animated = exts["animated"] as! Bool;
}
let vc = FLBFlutterViewContainer.init();
vc.setName(url, params: urlParams);
navigationController().present(vc, animated: animated) {
completion(true);
};
}
func close(_ uid: String, result: [AnyHashable : Any], exts: [AnyHashable : Any], completion: @escaping (Bool) -> Void) {
var animated = false;
if exts["animated"] != nil{
animated = exts["animated"] as! Bool;
}
let presentedVC = self.navigationController().presentedViewController;
let vc = presentedVC as? FLBFlutterViewContainer;
if vc?.uniqueIDString() == uid {
vc?.dismiss(animated: animated, completion: {
completion(true);
});
}else{
self.navigationController().popViewController(animated: animated);
}
}
private func openNativeVC(
_ name: String?,
urlParams params: [AnyHashable : Any]?,
exts: [AnyHashable : Any]?
) {
let vc = UIViewController()
let animated = (exts?["animated"] as? NSNumber)?.boolValue ?? false
if (params?["present"] as? NSNumber)?.boolValue ?? false {
self.navigationController().present(vc, animated: animated) {}
} else {
self.navigationController().pushViewController(vc, animated: animated)
}
}
func navigationController() -> UINavigationController {
let delegate = UIApplication.shared.delegate as! AppDelegate
let navigationController = delegate.window?.rootViewController as! UINavigationController
return navigationController;
}
}
2.flutter_boost初始化,即在启动的时候初始化框架代码。
import UIKit
@UIApplicationMain
@objc class AppDelegate: FlutterAppDelegate {
override func application(_ application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplication.LaunchOptionsKey: Any]?) -> Bool {
// Override point for customization after application launch.
//路由创建
let router = PlatformRouterImp.init();
//FlutterBoost初始化
FlutterBoostPlugin.sharedInstance().startFlutter(with: router, onStart: { (engine) in
});
self.window = UIWindow.init(frame: UIScreen.main.bounds)
let viewController = ViewController.init()
let navi = UINavigationController.init(rootViewController: viewController)
self.window.rootViewController = navi
self.window.makeKeyAndVisible()
return true
}
3.具体使用(创建自己的ViewController,添加两个按钮进行测试跳转Native)
import UIKit
class ViewController: UIViewController {
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
self.view.backgroundColor = UIColor.white
// Do any additional setup after loading the view.
let btn = UIButton(type: .custom);
btn.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
btn.frame = CGRect(x: 10, y: 60, width: 60, height: 40)
btn.setTitle("Push Flutter Page", for: .normal)
self.view.addSubview(btn);
btn.addTarget(self, action: #selector(onClickPushFlutterPage), for: .touchUpInside);
let btn2 = UIButton(type: .custom);
btn2.backgroundColor = UIColor.blue
btn2.frame = CGRect(x: 10, y: 120, width: 60, height: 40)
self.view.addSubview(btn2);
btn2.setTitle("Present Flutter Page", for: .normal)
btn2.addTarget(self, action: #selector(onClickPresentFlutterPage), for: .touchUpInside);
}
@objc func onClickPushFlutterPage(_ sender: UIButton, forEvent event: UIEvent){
// self.navigationController?.navigationBar.isHidden = true
//其中这里的first,在Flutter也会对应初始化的时候注册该标识对应的Widget。
FlutterBoostPlugin.open("first", urlParams:[kPageCallBackId:"MycallbackId#1"], exts: ["animated":true], onPageFinished: { (_ result:Any?) in
print(String(format:"call me when page finished, and your result is:%@", result as! CVarArg));
}) { (f:Bool) in
print(String(format:"page is opened\(f)"));
}
}
@objc func onClickPresentFlutterPage(_ sender: UIButton, forEvent event: UIEvent){
FlutterBoostPlugin.present("second", urlParams:[kPageCallBackId:"MycallbackId#2"], exts: ["animated":true], onPageFinished: { (_ result:Any?) in
print(String(format:"call me when page finished, and your result is:%@", result as! CVarArg));
}) { (f:Bool) in
print(String(format:"page is presented"));
}
}
}
*注意点:
(1).调用FlutterBoostPlugin.open和present方法时候,传递的urlname(first、second)会在Flutter中注册对应的Widget。
<2>.Flutter平台
1.main.dart (可以理解为入口类,类似iOS中的Appdelete类),实现Flutter_boost初始化和注册Native对应的widget。
(1)初始化flutter_boost插件及注册对应的widgets。
(2)初始化路由router。
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter_boost/flutter_boost.dart';
import 'simple_page_widgets.dart';
void main() {
runApp(MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatefulWidget {
@override
_MyAppState createState() => _MyAppState();
}
class _MyAppState extends State {
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
//(1)初始化注册
FlutterBoost.singleton.registerPageBuilders({
'first': (String pageName, Map params, String _) => FirstRouteWidget(),
'firstFirst': (String pageName, Map params, String _) =>
FirstFirstRouteWidget(),
'second': (String pageName, Map params, String _) => SecondRouteWidget(),
'secondStateful': (String pageName, Map params, String _) =>
SecondStatefulRouteWidget(),
});
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Flutter Boost example',
//(2)初始化路由
builder: FlutterBoost.init(postPush: _onRoutePushed),
home: Container(color: Colors.white));
}
//(2)
void _onRoutePushed(
String pageName,
String uniqueId,
Map params,
Route route,
Future _,
) {}
}
注意点:
(1)import 'simple_page_widgets.dart'这个dart类中是实现了很多widget,比如first对应的FirstRouteWidget,second对应的SecondRouteWidget等。但是在实际开发中不要把widget放到一个Dart类种实现,降低代码冗余、代码复杂度、降低维护成本等。
2.实现widget(具体可以查看官方类中的simple_page_widgets.dart)
下边只展示我们之前对应的first和second。
import 'package:flutter/cupertino.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
import 'package:flutter_boost/flutter_boost.dart';
import 'package:flutter_module/platform_view.dart'; //封装的view
/// *********************** FirstRouteWidget*/
class FirstRouteWidget extends StatefulWidget {
@override
State createState() => _FirstRouteWidgetState();
}
class _FirstRouteWidgetState extends State {
_FirstRouteWidgetState();
// flutter 侧MethodChannel配置,channel name需要和native侧一致
// static const MethodChannel _methodChannel = MethodChannel('flutter_native_channel');
// String _systemVersion = '';
// Future _getPlatformVersion() async {
// try {
// final String result = await _methodChannel.invokeMethod('getPlatformVersion');
// print('getPlatformVersion:' + result);
// setState(() {
// _systemVersion = result;
// });
// } on PlatformException catch (e) {
// print(e.message);
// }
// }
@override
void initState() {
print('initState');
super.initState();
}
@override
void didChangeDependencies() {
print('didChangeDependencies');
super.didChangeDependencies();
}
@override
void didUpdateWidget(FirstRouteWidget oldWidget) {
print('didUpdateWidget');
super.didUpdateWidget(oldWidget);
}
@override
void deactivate() {
print('deactivate');
super.deactivate();
}
@override
void dispose() {
print('[XDEBUG] - FirstRouteWidget is disposing~');
super.dispose();
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('First Route')),
body: Center(
child: Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: [
RaisedButton(
child: const Text('Open native page'),
onPressed: () {
print('open natve page!');
FlutterBoost.singleton
.open('native')
.then((Map value) {
print(
'call me when page is finished. did recieve native route result $value');
});
},
),
RaisedButton(
child: const Text('Open FF route'),
onPressed: () {
print('open FF page!');
FlutterBoost.singleton
.open('firstFirst')
.then((Map value) {
print(
'call me when page is finished. did recieve FF route result $value');
});
},
),
RaisedButton(
child: const Text('Open second route1'),
onPressed: () {
print('open second page!');
FlutterBoost.singleton
.open('second')
.then((Map value) {
print(
'call me when page is finished. did recieve second route result $value');
});
},
),
RaisedButton(
child: const Text('Present second stateful route'),
onPressed: () {
print('Present second stateful page!');
FlutterBoost.singleton.open('secondStateful',
urlParams: {
'present': true
}).then((Map value) {
print(
'call me when page is finished. did recieve second stateful route result $value');
});
},
),
RaisedButton(
child: const Text('Present second route'),
onPressed: () {
print('Present second page!');
FlutterBoost.singleton.open('second',
urlParams: {
'present': true
}).then((Map value) {
print(
'call me when page is finished. did recieve second route result $value');
});
},
),
RaisedButton(
child: Text('Get system version by method channel:' + _systemVersion),
onPressed: () => _getPlatformVersion(),
),
],
),
),
);
}
}
/// *********************** SecondRouteWidget*/
class SecondRouteWidget extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('Second Route')),
body: Center(
child: RaisedButton(
onPressed: () {
// Navigate back to first route when tapped.
final BoostContainerSettings settings =
BoostContainer.of(context).settings;
FlutterBoost.singleton.close(
settings.uniqueId,
result: {'result': 'data from second'},
);
},
child: const Text('Go back with result!'),
),
),
);
}
}
注意点:
(1).状态管理的处理,如果细心地同学会发现,上边FirstRouteWidget和SecondRouteWidget的继承类不同,一个是StatelessWidget(非动态的)、StatefulWidget(动态的)两种状态管理。具体理解可以自己去查资料学习,后续也会专门讲下这个。
场景:
1.原生-->>原生
这个不多说直接还是原生跳转就行
2.原生-->>Flutter
调用PlatformRouterImp中的方法
3.Flutter-->>原生
需要Flutter代码执行
FlutterBoost.singleton
.open('native')
.then((Map value) {
print(
'call me when page is finished. did recieve native route result $value');
});
4.Flutter-->>Flutter (走Native原生Controller容器跳转)
FlutterBoost.singleton
.open('firstFirst')
.then((Map value) {
print(
'call me when page is finished. did recieve FF route result $value');
});
5.Flutter-->>Flutter(走Flutter自己的Flutter Navigator 跳转)
Navigator.push(
context,
MaterialPageRoute(builder: (_) => PushWidget()),
);
这个自己去做处理,建议既然使用flutter_boost就都采用flutter_boost统一的路有跳转。
如果想实现只打开一个Flutter的原生控制器,其他走flutter内部跳转router逻辑,则需要自己处理,或者也可以看下flutter_thrio框架。
到这里基本上全部工作都可以了,Flutter和iOS都会关联上。直接运行Xcode就可以了。
关于分离开发:
需要注意的地方如果之后考虑分开开发,Flutter同学只开发Flutter的话,需要在flutter_module/.ios/下工程配置之前iOS端的东西即可,就可以使用flutter run直接跑起来,且也能使用flutter_boost路由。做到Flutter开发Flutter,原生开发原生。做到分离。
下一篇会写下Flutter_Boost在Android中的集成应用和代码实践。
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